A Report on Internship Trainning in Spinning Mills

INTRODUCTION An intern is one who works in a temporary position with an emphasis on on-the-job training rather than merely employment, making it similar to an apprenticeship. Interns are usually college or university students, but they can also be high school students or post graduate adults seeking skills for a new career. Student internships provide opportunities for students to gain experience in their field, determine if they have an interest in a particular career, create a network of contacts, or gain credit. Internships provide the employers with cheap or free labor for (typically) low-level tasks (stereotypically including fetching coffee for the office), and also the prospect of interns returning to the company†¦show more content†¦The Indian Textile and Spinning industry The Indian textile industry is one the largest and oldest sectors in the country and among the most important in the economy in terms of output, investment and employment. The sector employs nearly 35 million people and after agriculture, is the second-highest employer in the country. The Indian Spinning Industry is an integral part of the Indian Textile Industry. * India claims to be the second largest manufacturer as well as provider of cotton yarn and textiles in the world * India holds around 25 percent share in the cotton yarn industry across the globe * India contributes to around 12 percent of the worlds production of cotton yarn and textiles * India covers 61 percent of the international textile market * In terms of spindle age, the Indian textile industry is ranked second, after China, and accounts for 23% of the world’s spindle capacity Spinning Companies in India The spinning industry is dominated by large units and it has been able to undergo significant modernization since the 1990s. The main factors behind the modernization include lowering of custom duties and other restrictions on imports of machinery and equipment and lowering of restrictions on imports and exports of raw cotton and yarn. The spinning industry, which is dominated by medium and large units producing more than 90 percent of the output and total value added. During an early period of policy reform (1983–1990), the

A Report on Internship Trainning in Spinning Mills

INTRODUCTION An intern is one who works in a temporary position with an emphasis on on-the-job training rather than merely employment, making it similar to an apprenticeship. Interns are usually college or university students, but they can also be high school students or post graduate adults seeking skills for a new career. Student internships provide opportunities for students to gain experience in their field, determine if they have an interest in a particular career, create a network of contacts, or gain credit. Internships provide the employers with cheap or free labor for (typically) low-level tasks (stereotypically including fetching coffee for the office), and also the prospect of interns returning to the company†¦show more content†¦The Indian Textile and Spinning industry The Indian textile industry is one the largest and oldest sectors in the country and among the most important in the economy in terms of output, investment and employment. The sector employs nearly 35 million people and after agriculture, is the second-highest employer in the country. The Indian Spinning Industry is an integral part of the Indian Textile Industry. * India claims to be the second largest manufacturer as well as provider of cotton yarn and textiles in the world * India holds around 25 percent share in the cotton yarn industry across the globe * India contributes to around 12 percent of the worlds production of cotton yarn and textiles * India covers 61 percent of the international textile market * In terms of spindle age, the Indian textile industry is ranked second, after China, and accounts for 23% of the world’s spindle capacity Spinning Companies in India The spinning industry is dominated by large units and it has been able to undergo significant modernization since the 1990s. The main factors behind the modernization include lowering of custom duties and other restrictions on imports of machinery and equipment and lowering of restrictions on imports and exports of raw cotton and yarn. The spinning industry, which is dominated by medium and large units producing more than 90 percent of the output and total value added. During an early period of policy reform (1983–1990), the

A Report on Internship Trainning in Spinning Mills

INTRODUCTION An intern is one who works in a temporary position with an emphasis on on-the-job training rather than merely employment, making it similar to an apprenticeship. Interns are usually college or university students, but they can also be high school students or post graduate adults seeking skills for a new career. Student internships provide opportunities for students to gain experience in their field, determine if they have an interest in a particular career, create a network of contacts, or gain credit. Internships provide the employers with cheap or free labor for (typically) low-level tasks (stereotypically including fetching coffee for the office), and also the prospect of interns returning to the company†¦show more content†¦The Indian Textile and Spinning industry The Indian textile industry is one the largest and oldest sectors in the country and among the most important in the economy in terms of output, investment and employment. The sector employs nearly 35 million people and after agriculture, is the second-highest employer in the country. The Indian Spinning Industry is an integral part of the Indian Textile Industry. * India claims to be the second largest manufacturer as well as provider of cotton yarn and textiles in the world * India holds around 25 percent share in the cotton yarn industry across the globe * India contributes to around 12 percent of the worlds production of cotton yarn and textiles * India covers 61 percent of the international textile market * In terms of spindle age, the Indian textile industry is ranked second, after China, and accounts for 23% of the world’s spindle capacity Spinning Companies in India The spinning industry is dominated by large units and it has been able to undergo significant modernization since the 1990s. The main factors behind the modernization include lowering of custom duties and other restrictions on imports of machinery and equipment and lowering of restrictions on imports and exports of raw cotton and yarn. The spinning industry, which is dominated by medium and large units producing more than 90 percent of the output and total value added. During an early period of policy reform (1983–1990), the

The Biggest Myth About Homework Exposed

The Biggest Myth About Homework Exposed Ensure finished work is set in a homework folder for simple access the following day. Children need schedules and structure to be able to feel in charge of the world around them. By way of example, in a course of grade 9, students might need to study a specific concept in math. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Homework The absolute most important and easy reason behind homework is it reinforces the ideas taught in school. Making a number of wise decisions at the start of a student's freshmen year can work wonders for their high school career. After having studied a specific concept in math, students might need to do a little bit of practice within it. Early elementary students take part in speaking, listening, and writing activities to construct fundamental reading abilities. Perhaps it was not enough for today. however, it certainly wasn't too much. If you're behind on your homework, particularly if you've missed a good deal of sick days, communicating with your teachers is a necessity! The majority of people do a far better job when they're inspired by an outstanding leader. A number of the jobs in the modern society aren't the outdated standard 9-5 sort of jobs. Each worksheet has 50 questions and all them are objective type questions. When you're giving homework you also need to remember their own abilities. In any case, you don't need to know all the answers. Definitely the response is No. You don't necessarily have to splurge lots of money to produce a good impression for your better half to consider just allocate a small sum for quality services that Homework Help provides for you to find Homework done. Simply put Homework Help supply you with the value for your money that is a small part of the money which you intended to probably get a gift and is affordable and the very best part is the fact that it will add some significant meaning to your relationship. Alice finds them confusing since they ask riddles to which there isn't any answer and pretend that there's no room for her whereas there is. Regardless of what time of day your kid's homework becomes completed, scheduling makes all of the difference. Don't forget, your teen can't help having attention difficulties. Homework Can Be Fun for Everyone When you first start, you can want to supply rewards immediately. A homework timetable is issued at the start of the academic year including time allocations. With all young children, assignments ought to be short, simple and result in success, he explained. Regardless, it's essential they do! If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Homework Different age groups should shell out a predetermined period of time on homework. By applying precisely the same location and props day after day, you can assist your children learn how to work more effectively. If your children are fighting to finish a task in time, then you nee d to stay in time and keep organized yourself, and they'll follow. They know if you do not always mean what you say and they will test you to the end of time. While homework is essential for the general development of a youngster, it ought not arrive in a quantity that may produce the child feel burdened. The optimum quantity of homework for average children is dependent on their grade in school. Just remember that it is for your child, not you. The homework still has to be done but your son or daughter may have to calm down as a way to focus. School failure has a negative effect on a teen's self esteem. If you would rather, you may ask the student to simplify. You might want to speak with your teacher after possible. Many teachers don't know whether they'll have a job next calendar year, have their classrooms consolidated, or be transferred to a different school. What to Expect From Homework? In truth, it's intended to be a positive part of your kid's education. Many adults never learn to manage their priorities and have a difficult time keeping a very good balance in their lives. Learn where the difficulty lies and what your youngster can do in order to boost understanding. Self-smart children frequently have excellent insights due to their deep-and-wide thinking. The Chronicles of Homework Try to remember, homework folders are ONLY for completed homework that's prepared to be turned in! Our writers are available 24x7 to help you with all your homework related needs. So much is dependent on how you, as a pare nt, approach the topic of homework, too. School homework is the exact last thing they wish to do. As difficult As it is, students may continue to be successful if they follow a few essential steps. Teachers assign homework for a number of reasons.

Doe Season Essay Research Paper OutlineThesis free essay sample

Doe Season Essay, Research Paper Outline Thesis: Throughout # 8220 ; Doe Season, # 8221 ; David Kaplan uses symbolism to transport Andy through her rite of transition into muliebrity. I. Andy is unknowing as she ventures out on a hunting trip with her male parent. A.She leaves at dark and arrives at her finish early in the forenoon. B.She remarks on the infinite between where she was and the Moon. II.Andy is maturating easy as the narrative progresses. A.Andy carries her ain battalion. B.She drinks java copying her male parent ( keeping the cup like he does. ) . C.Andy voluntaries to travel out entirely to garner firewood. III.Andy has matured to the point of muliebrity and is larning credence of herself. A.After Andy shot the cervid, she had a dream that her manus was inside the slug hole and the lesion closed around her manus. B.Andy ran while her male parent was gutting the cervid and no longer answered to Andy but Andrea. We will write a custom essay sample on Doe Season Essay Research Paper OutlineThesis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Published in 1985, David Kaplan # 8217 ; s short narrative # 8220 ; Doe Season # 8221 ; is set in the Pennsylvania forests. This narrative reveals the tests and trials Andy, a dynamic character, goes through to make her concluding finish of muliebrity. Throughout # 8220 ; Doe Season, # 8221 ; David Kaplan uses symbolism to transport Andy through her rite of transition into muliebrity. Andy is unknowing as she ventures out on a hunting trip with her male parent. Early in the forenoon, Andy and her male parent are expecting the reaching Mac and his boy Charlie. The four of them are traveling runing in the forests. Mac and Charlie eventually arrive. After lading the auto, the four of them get down their manner into the forests. The forests were merely several stat mis behind her house, but # 8220 ; it was like thought of the infinite between here and the Moon # 8221 ; ( 342 ) . At dawn, Andy awoke to happen them siting over soft hills in the Pennsylvania vale. They were about at that place. It was about clip to get down runing. The first part of a rite of transition narrative is the character traveling into or nearing the unknown. In # 8220 ; Doe Season, # 8221 ; the terra incognita is the forests. Andy and the crew leave when it is still dark out and arrive when it is daybreak. This symbolizes a new thing or a large alteration is traveling to happen. Subsequently in the narrative, we learn of the large alteration that has occurred. Andy is maturating as the narrative progresses. As the crew first arrives at their finish, everyone is acquiring their gear ready. Andy carries her ain battalion. She besides says to Mac, # 8220 ; I can transport a battalion every bit large as yours any twenty-four hours # 8221 ; ( 344 ) . This symbolizes that she is turning up and can make things for herself. After the group hunts for a spot, they stop to eat tiffin. At tiffin, the group eats bean soup prepared by Andy # 8217 ; s female parent. As Andy washed the tiffin dishes, Charlie and her male parent drank a few gulp of some Jim Beam. Then they all had java, even Andy. Andy drank the java copying the manner her male parent held the cup, observing that it was non by the grip but around the rim ( 345 ) . She besides noticed the java tasted smoky, but drank it all anyhow. Following the java, the group began to run once more. A few hours subsequently, they stopped once more, this clip for dinner. While Andy was take outing the n utrient and preparing for dinner, the work forces of the group were busy puting up the collapsible shelters. Andy so volunteers to travel out entirely to garner wood to get down a fi rhenium ( 346 ) . After dinner, the four of them went to kip for the dark. Charlie, Mac, Andy and her male parent awoke the following forenoon before the visible radiation of twenty-four hours. They all went runing once more. Andy spotted the first cervid. The group was doing plentifulness of noise, but the cervid did non run off. Her male parent wanted Andy to hit the cervid, but Charlie argued that she likely couldn # 8217 ; t shoot the gun on her ain. Andy, a small hesitant, did hit the cervid on her ain. She hit the cervid where the legs met the chest. The cervid fell but did non remain down. It got up and walked off. As the cervid walked off Andy prayed that it would decease. She did non desire it to endure. She was about in cryings as she thought these ideas. The group ended their escapade for the dark. Andy has matured to the point of muliebrity and is larning the credence of herself. While everyone was asleep, Andy had a dream. She got up out of her sleeping bag and stepped outside the collapsible shelter. It was remarkably warm. She saw the cervid that she had shot merely hours before. It was non frightened of her. In fact, it walked right up to her. She reached out and touched the cervid. Slowly, her manus rubbed along the pelt until it came to the lesion. Her manus felt the unsmooth pelt matted with blood. She felt the stickiness of the blood curdling. As she touched the lesion, her manus slipped into the warm gap. He manus pressed deeper and deeper into the lesion until she felt the bosom. The bosom was warm and crushing strong. As she touched the bosom it beat faster and faster, and became heater. Andy tried to travel her manus out of the lesion but couldn # 8217 ; t. It was stuck. Her arm and manus were stuck as if the lesion had closed around them. Suddenly she pulled her manus free and blood rushed out. Then she woke up. ( 352-3 ) This episode represents the center of Andy # 8217 ; s rite of transition. The lesion and hotfooting blood symbolize menses, the true mark of being a adult female. Andy # 8217 ; s manus being stuck in the lesion represents being stuck in muliebrity. Once a immature female arrives in muliebrity, it is really hard to go forth. In a sense, the immature adult female is stuck at that place. Get downing menses is a test for her. Each female handles this test in her ain manner. After Charlie, Mac, Andy and her male parent happen the cervid the following forenoon, the male parents of the group gut it. Her male parent lifted the Department of Energy # 8217 ; s foreleg so that its caput rested between his articulatio genuss and the bottom exposed. He sliced the cervid from thorax to belly to crotch. Andy began to run off. Everyone was naming for her to come back, but she was no longer replying to Andy. She was a adult female and wanted to be called Andrea. # 8220 ; Doe Season # 8221 ; is a narrative of a rite of transition. A rite of transition contains three major parts, the unknown, the test, and deriving cognition. In this narrative, David Kaplan clearly states those three parts. David Kaplan used symbols to transport Andy through her rite of transition into muliebrity. He used darkness to typify the unknown because Andy didn # 8217 ; t cognize what was in front for her in the forests. Kaplan used the shot of the cervid and the dream to typify the test part of a rite of transition. Andy wished for the cervid non to endure, she wished decease upon it. The dream symbolized the entryway into muliebrity # 8211 ; menses. At the terminal of the narrative, Andy changes her name to Andrea. This symbolizes that she is a adult female and has completed her rite of transition.

What Are the Hindrances in the Process of Knowledge Sharing in an Organization Essay Example

What Are the Hindrances in the Process of Knowledge Sharing in an Organization? Essay Employees disagreed that they always have time for other people to share knowledge. It is due to general lack of time to share knowledge, and time to identify colleagues in need of specific knowledge. In this fast paced world, it is difficult to cope with the circumstances so people do not have time for others. Similarly, most of the employees highly disagreed that they’re willing to devote their personal time to others even if it is within the organization. This indicates that time is a major hindrance in knowledge sharing. Besides this an individuals’ own capability to share and perceive knowledge is important. Employees agreed that if the person is capable to understand what is being delivered to him, then the knowledge would be successfully shared. They even strongly agreed that level of knowledge sharing is dependent on the capabilities an individual has. Employees showed willingness in sharing information if people approached them for some personal, administrative, financial or organizational problem, rather than offering them voluntarily. They do not share unnecessary information. They only prefer to share such information which is relevant and useful for the other person. Being a member of an organization does not require their employees to share their personal work experiences with each other. But they would put in a great deal of effort beyond what is normally expected in order to help their organization to be successful. Sometimes a hindrance in knowledge sharing occurs when you are not able to convey your message to the organization. This is because people cannot readily differentiate useful information from useless information. We will write a custom essay sample on What Are the Hindrances in the Process of Knowledge Sharing in an Organization? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What Are the Hindrances in the Process of Knowledge Sharing in an Organization? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What Are the Hindrances in the Process of Knowledge Sharing in an Organization? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer People are averse to sharing information orally, and even more averse to sharing it in written form. It is a common observation that people share information generously peer-to-peer, but begrudgingly upwards, and sparingly downwards in organizational hierarchies. Many employees who were surveyed strongly agreed to this perception. Besides this, they prefer sharing information only with the ones whom they trust because others might misuse knowledge or take unjust credit for it. This is also because of fear that sharing may reduce or jeopardize people’s job security. Employees are hesitant in sharing knowledge with those who are more experienced or at a high organizational post. This may be because of differences in experience or educational levels, age differences, poor verbal/written communication and interpersonal skills or use of strong hierarchy, position-based status, and formal power. The existing corporate culture does not provide sufficient support for sharing practices. Mostly the communication and knowledge flows are restricted into certain directions (e. g. top-down). Internal competitiveness within business units, functional areas, and subsidiaries can be high so employees do not share their knowledge with colleagues because of fear that it may lead to their better performance. Lack of leadership and managerial direction in terms of clearly communicating the benefits and values of knowledge sharing practices restricts employees to share information freely. Scarcity of transparent rewards and recognition systems would motivate people to share more of their knowledge. Employees indicated the lack of opportunities provided for formal and informal spaces to share, reflect and generate (new) knowledge. Usually employees hesitate in sharing information with others due to risk of it being misused or misinterpreted. People can internalize information presented graphically more easily and fully than information presented as text, and understand information conveyed through stories better than information presented analytically. Information can only be useful if it is clearly understood by the recipient. Lack of social networking is another hindrance in knowledge sharing. They do not share information because of shortage of contact time and interaction between knowledge source employees and recipients.

Free Essays on Compaq

. Strategic Profile and Case Analysis Purpose During the 1980's Compaq Computer Company was a leader in the computer hardware industry. Its name became synonymous with cutting edge, high quality, products that sold for a premium. This premium price for its products allowed Compaq to outspend most of its competitors on research and development (R&D). As technology and the marketplace changed, Compaq lost its ability to charge a premium price for its products. Consumers, who were quickly becoming computer literate, were realizing that paying Compaq's premium prices was no longer necessary. Hardware and software advances where taking away some of the importance of the expensive features that Compaq's products offered. In addition, a declining economic environment was making even the larger of Compaq's end-users looking for ways to cut their growing computer budgets. Facing its third major crisis in a decade, Compaq was looking like it would become another Texas corporate statistic if it did not do something to reverse the downward trend of its sales. The company was also showing signs of organizational problems that may have been overlooked previously because of its remarkable sales growth. The organization's culture was suffering from a lack of communication between divisions as well as a growing riff between even the company's founders. The company was in two camps struggling for control of the its destiny. II. Situation Analysis A. General Environmental Analysis (socially, economically, globally, demographic, legal...) The United States is a leader in the computer hardware industry. While the Japanese are a large producers of electronic components, U.S. companies are still among the leaders in high technology. Sony Corporation is fast catching, especially in the area of miniaturizing technology. The Walkman is one example of the Sony's ability to make a bulky product smaller. One potentially big problem for U.S. ... Free Essays on Compaq Free Essays on Compaq . Strategic Profile and Case Analysis Purpose During the 1980's Compaq Computer Company was a leader in the computer hardware industry. Its name became synonymous with cutting edge, high quality, products that sold for a premium. This premium price for its products allowed Compaq to outspend most of its competitors on research and development (R&D). As technology and the marketplace changed, Compaq lost its ability to charge a premium price for its products. Consumers, who were quickly becoming computer literate, were realizing that paying Compaq's premium prices was no longer necessary. Hardware and software advances where taking away some of the importance of the expensive features that Compaq's products offered. In addition, a declining economic environment was making even the larger of Compaq's end-users looking for ways to cut their growing computer budgets. Facing its third major crisis in a decade, Compaq was looking like it would become another Texas corporate statistic if it did not do something to reverse the downward trend of its sales. The company was also showing signs of organizational problems that may have been overlooked previously because of its remarkable sales growth. The organization's culture was suffering from a lack of communication between divisions as well as a growing riff between even the company's founders. The company was in two camps struggling for control of the its destiny. II. Situation Analysis A. General Environmental Analysis (socially, economically, globally, demographic, legal...) The United States is a leader in the computer hardware industry. While the Japanese are a large producers of electronic components, U.S. companies are still among the leaders in high technology. Sony Corporation is fast catching, especially in the area of miniaturizing technology. The Walkman is one example of the Sony's ability to make a bulky product smaller. One potentially big problem for U.S. ...

Simple vs. Progressive Tenses Explanation and Quiz

Simple vs. Progressive Tenses Explanation and Quiz Here is a comparison between simple and simple progressive tenses. As a rule of thumb please remember that any form of the progressive can only be used with an action verb. Nonprogressive verbs include: Mental States knowbelieveimaginewantrealizefeeldoubtneedunderstandsupposerememberpreferrecognizethinkforgetmean Emotional State lovehatefearmindlikedislikeenvycareappreciate Possession possesshaveownbelong Sense Perceptions tastehearseesmellfeel Other Existing States seemcostbeconsistoflookoweexistcontainappearweighinclude The following exceptions apply to the above:(As an activity) think I am thinking about this grammarhave She is having a good time.taste The chef is tasting the saucesmell He is smelling the flowers.see I am seeing the doctor this afternoon.feel Peter isnt feeling very well today.look They are looking at the picture.appear The big star is appearing at the local theater.weigh The butcher is weighing the steak.be Sally is being stupid. Keeping these verbs in mind, look at the following chart to review the use of the simple progressive tenses (past, present, and future) and the simple tenses (past present, and future). Simple Progressive Tenses (Past, Present, and Future) Continuous Activity:Â  Used to emphasize the continuous nature of any given activity. Examples: I was watching television at 8 oclock last night. Fred is speaking on the telephone at the moment. They will be eating lunch at Harolds tomorrow.Activity in Progress Intersected by a Non-continuous Activity:Â  I was watching television when Susan telephoned. They will be working in the garden when you arrive.Two Continuous Activities Occurring at the Same Time: Peter was cooking dinner while I was working at the computer. Simple Tenses (Past, Present, and Future) Habitual Activity:Â  Used to talk about repeated, regular or habitual activities. Examples: I went to school at 8 oclock when I was a child. I usually take the bus to work Hell commute to work after he moves.Non-continuous Activity: The boys bought some new coats yesterday. They will arrive at 7 oclock.Two Habitual Events:Â  She kept the books and he advised the clients at their last job. Special use of the Progressive: We often use the progressive form to express annoyance at a repeated action. In this case, a time expression such as always, forever, continually, etc. must be inserted between the auxiliary and the verb. Examples:Â  Tom is always complaining about his job! Mary was forever leaving work early. Take the Quiz After having reviewed the usage the simple vs. the simple progressive forms, take the following quiz to check your understanding. Check your answers on the following page. When you arrive tomorrow, I a) will cooking b) will be cooking c) cook dinner.Tom a) was washing the car b) washed the car while I was reading the newspaper.They a) visited b) was visiting the Metropolitan Museum of Art yesterday.She a) will be participating b) will participate in tomorrows race.Jack a) always complains b) is always complaining about how little he earns.They a) will be going b) will go to work by train for the next month.Frank a) is thinking b) thinks Peter is a bit stupid at the moment.Debbie a) is smelling b) smells the flowers in the garden now.I a) was working b) worked in the basement when you a) were arriving b) arrived. Check Your Answers When you arrive tomorrow, I a) will cooking b) will be cooking c) cook dinner.bTom a) was washing the car b) washed the car at the same time I was reading the newspaper.aThey a) visited b) was visiting the Metropolitan Museum of Art yesterday.aShe a) will be participating b) will participate in tomorrows race.bJack a) always complains b) is always complaining about how little he earns.bThey a) will be going b) will go to work by train for the next month.bFrank a) is thinking b) thinks Peter is a bit stupid at the moment.bDebbie a) is smelling b) smells the flowers in the garden now.aI a) was working b) worked in the basement when you a) were arriving b) arrived.a, b

Green in Shakespeares Tragedy of King Lear Essay

Green in Shakespeares Tragedy of King Lear - Essay Example William Shakespeare, a known English playwright, and poet are regarded widely as the greatest writer in the language of English and the pre-eminent world’s dramatist. Translation of his major plays has been done to almost all living language and more often performed than other playwrights. In his book, The Tragedy of King Lear, many aspects presage the green literature. The work of Shakespeare illuminates more about human nature that is more instructive for a green environment. With respect to the theory of Green literature, ecocriticism involves the study of the relationship between the environment and the research. The book is all about the British elderly king who decides to give out his power and realm to one of his daughters. Even though his preferred choice is the one who loves him most, the other two disguises him and acquire the wealth. The two later turns against him but through the friends of the other daughter, he manages to ascertain the reality. In relevance to nature, therefore, a habitat consists of different organisms’ co-existing together for mutual benefits. An organism can acquire help from the other community, for instance in support. Plants with tendrils, for example, get support from big trees to acquire sunlight. This paper, therefore, analyses the review of the play, The Tragedy of King Lear with regards to the theory of Green Literature, how ecocriticism relates both literature and the environment. The theory of green literature provides the vocabulary towards environmental ethics as well as an attitude in the story of King Lear. This offered a movement beyond symbolism and thematic which were widely characterized by the critical work of Shakespeare in relation to the environment representation.  

Research of China's Luxury Goods Market- How Chinese Enterprises Get Dissertation

Research of China's Luxury Goods Market- How Chinese Enterprises Get out From Made in China to Create Domestic Luxury brands - Dissertation Example Recently, however, with an increased spending power among Chinese consumers along with reduced government restrictions, luxury brands from foreign countries have experienced the pressure of strengthening their commitment to Chinese mainland to maintain competitive advantage and avoid losing to rivals. Luxury is a subjective concept that is constantly developing, hence its varied definitions. Nonetheless, luxury has typically been used to characterize a state of great comfort or a desirable item (Park, Rabolt, and Jeon 2008). Luxury brands significantly differ from others in such a way that these entail a premium with no clear benefits over their counterparts. However, consumers remain willing to pay for a significant price as such brands exhibit unique attributes in terms of reputation, quality, and recognizability. Luxury brands do not only express high stands of superiority but also represent a social code that suggests access to desirability and exclusivity. The luxury market has, thus, gained considerable interest from many due to its representation of a hedonistic and somehow irrational form of consumption with which individuals purchase goods for the pleasure these provide regardless of financial costs (Phau and Teah 2009). The luxury brands that are in operation within China are mainly from Europe and include a wide range of retail sectors, including jewellery, fashion clothing and accessories, cosmetics, footwear, and automotive. The following sections then focus on the Chinese consumption behavior towards luxury brands, particularly the unique characteristics of Chinese consumers, the strategies for promoting luxury brands in China, as well as the possible challenges that Chinese companies may face in promoting such luxury brands. Product Brand: An Overview A brand is considered as a guarantee to the consumer of better quality or performance as compared to a product’s generic counterpart, in regards to both the physical and technical aspects. Wh en companies market a branded product, their statements ensure qualities that cannot be acquired through using generic or alternative brands. In most cases, brands are illustrated to depict an individual’s preferred lifestyle. Product branding caters to products alone, whereas corporate branding is the strategy of utilizing the name of the company to represent a certain product or service (de Chernatony 1999; de Chernatony 2001). Products are manufactured in warehouses and factories, but brands are what consumers are after. Consumers make purchases to take hold of a product’s statement and the distinction of one product from another, as personified through brands. Products can be identical and it can be seen in any shop, but the incorporation of a specific brand gives a product a personal touch that would be difficult for competitors to imitate. Though products can be outdated, brands that are successful are always cherished by its loyal customers. In branding, it is i mperative for the presentation and the package to look its best. It is not necessarily grandeur, but it depends on the statement that the firm wants to communicate about the product. It is important that all the necessary details and information are presented to the target market (Olins 2000). In the market, there are a lot of products that claim to be the most efficient, ideal, and best to be purchased and used by consumers. Each has its own qualities and features. The most effective way to

Evaluation for cake bases Essay Example for Free

Evaluation for cake bases Essay In this project my aim was to produce a gift cake that could be mass produced and sold in a supermarket, in order to do this I had to research novelty cakes that are currently been sold in supermarkets. From the research I found that the target audience were usually children and occasionally adults. The most commonly used cake base was Madeira sponge, and buttercream and jam where used as an adhesive. I also found that the cake shapes were usually simple shapes e. g. circular, square, and rectangular. The novelty cakes were mainly covered and decorated in fondant icing. Serving size for the gift cakes were normally 12 servings. The information I collected helped me to produce my gift cake because it gave me a guideline and indication of what my gift cake should be similar to. In class we then researched different cake bases, so we could find the best to fit our needs, in the test the Madeira sponge best fit our requirements because it was the strongest base out of the ones we tested, it also had the longest shelf life. The flavour and texture of the cake were appropriate for my cake base. From the research above I wrote a design specification stating what my cake should be similar to. In my design specification I decided my cake to be a Christmas theme; I chose to target my novelty cake at children. The decoration on my novelty cake was based on flat relief because if the cake were to be mass produced it would be difficult to manufacture 3D models, I made the decision to use fondant icing to cover and decorate my cake because I a lot more manageable then royal icing. The design I chose to use for the decoration on my gift cake fitted my specification of the Christmas theme and aiming it at children perfectly. My novelty cake was designed to serve between 3-4 people. If I were to sell my cake in a supermarket I would have priced it at about i 4. 98. Originally I was going to use a layer of marzipan because it is a traditional Christmas cake covering for fruit cake, however seen as my design was targeted at children I decided against using a fruit cake base and used a Madeira sponge base, which didnt need covering with marzipan. Once I had made my product I piped royal icing around the bottom of the cake to add detail to my design. Overall I think my design was successful due to the research and testing I carried out. Throughout the practical lesson I was extremely organised because I knew exactly what to do, I had planned everything accurately, the correct equipment, instructions on what to do in which order and how long it should take to do. The new skills I learnt were how to use the creaming method for a cake base, which is very useful. The covering of the cake was complicated, but I was careful and made sure no crumbs got on the fondant icing, I used the palm of my hands and lifting the icing and smoothing it down to get a clean, smooth finish. For the decoration on my gift cake I used my hands to roll and flatten objects, I also used a special cutter to cut out Christmas trees to stick around the edge of my cake. My gift cakes appearance was exactly how I had planned. My product was a circular cake with Christmas theme with a Rudolf face on the top, which fitted nicely with the target audience being children. The colour of the fondant icing I used matched the Christmas theme brilliantly. I decorated my cake very neatly so it looked professional. The cake was quite small I would have liked it to be bigger but unfortunately due to production restrictions. On the whole I think my cake looked like a great Christmas cake for children that you could defiantly mass produce and sell in a supermarket. My product looked very appetising so I sampled my cake I recorded its sensory qualities. I found that my gift cake was very sweet, slightly crumbly, rich in flavour, quite creamy and moist. The cake had a pale crumb with an even variation. In my opinion the cake tasted great and looked great. Success! If I made this cake again, I would improve my cake mixture, it was very nice, but I think it could have been improved slightly by adding more butter to the mixture. I would consider spending more time on covering my cake in buttercream to use as an adhesive because on my plan I didnt think it would take as long as it actually did take in the practical lesson. Despite that my cake was tasty and I did manage to complete the task in time. I think I was particularly good at icing the cake because I have some practice at it. I was very organised and I used the lesson time appropriately. The quality of my planning and research was quite good; however I would have liked to have spent more time on it to achieve a better grade. In the future I think I need to improve on my annotation skills and understand fully what the task in hand is. I have learnt a lot about gift cakes throughout this project, especially about different cake bases. In conclusion, my main aims for this project were to produce a Christmas gift cake targeted at children; I also aimed to complete my paper work to the highest standard possible. I feel I did not meet my aim to complete my work to my highest standard this was because sometimes I didnt have enough time to complete the work to the standard I would have liked because of having work to complete from other subjects, so I had to rush my work a bit in order to complete all my work. However my organisation skills are very good, and I put a lot of effort into this project. I believe I have met my design brief, and my cake certainly did.

Character Analysis of Emily Grierson in A Rose for Emily by William Fau

Emily Grierson, referred to as Miss Emily throughout the story, is the main character of 'A Rose for Emily,' written by William Faulkner. Emily is born to a proud, aristocratic family sometime during the Civil War; Miss Emily used to live with her father and servants, in a big decorated house. The Grierson Family considers themselves superior than other people of the town. According to Miss Emily's father none of the young boys were suitable for Miss Emily. Due to this attitude of Miss Emily's father, Miss Emily was not able to develop any real relationship with anyone else, but it was like her world revolved around her father. When her father passed away, it was a devastating loss for Miss Emily. The lines from the story 'She told them her father was not dead. She did that for three days,' (Charter 171) conveys the message that she tried to hold on to him, even after his death. Even though, this was a sad moment for Emily, but she was liberated from the control of her father. Instead of going on with her life, her life halted after death of her father. Miss Emily found love in a guy named Homer Barron, who came as a contractor for paving the sidewalks in town. Miss Emily was seen in buggy on Sunday afternoons with Homer Barron. The whole town thought they would get married. One could know this by the sentences in the story ?She will marry him,? ?She will persuade him yet,? (Charter 173). On the contrary side, Homer Barron, although ironically Emily's only love was t...

Petrol Station Culture Within The Global Architectural Landscape

Fill’er Up: gasoline station civilization within the planetary architectural landscape Abstraction: ( concise summery – no more than 10 sentence ) Merely as man’s ability to multiply text and administer it around the around the universe bore a new epoch so did his ability to refile gasolene and globalized it 4 centuries subsequently. With all their velocity forward they may be a measure rearward in civilization – that is, in religious civilization. It may be that they will non add to the beauty of the universe, nor to the life of men’s psyches. I am non certain. But cars have come, and they bring a greater alteration in our life than most of us suspect. â€Å" I ‘m non certain he ‘s incorrect about cars, † he said. â€Å" With all their velocity forward they may be a measure rearward in civilization—that is, in religious civilisation. It may be that they will non add to the beauty of the universe, nor to the life of work forces ‘s psyche. I am non certain. But cars have come, and they bring a greater alteration in our life than most of us suspect. They are here, and about all outward things are traveling to be different because of what they bring. They are traveling to change war, and they are traveling to change peace. I think work forces ‘s heads are traveling to be changed in elusive ways because of cars ; merely how, though, I could barely think. But you ca n't hold the huge outward alterations that they will do without some inward 1s, and it may be that George is right, and that the religious change will be bad for us. Possibly, ten or twenty old ages from now, if we can see the inward alt eration in work forces by that clip, I should n't be able to support the gasolene engine, but would hold to hold with him that cars ‘had no concern to be invented. ‘ † ~Booth Tarkington, The Magnificent Ambersons, 1917 In 1942 Orson Welles wrote and directed an acclaimed movie version of the book Bourgeois enthusiasm 1950 – 60 s fuelling station design was inspired by a businessperson enthusiasm for travel velocity, freedom, main roads and new car design Lent novel attributes to go, doing it an exciting stimulating experience. Today exhilaration about the freedom of independent travel in one’s ain auto has changed to indifference and annoyance. Congestion and long drilling distances along a monotonously efficient main road, every bit good as the entire dependence upon the auto as a agency of effectual travel have changed the psychological science of travel from escapade to frenetic haste from point A to point B. This alteration is besides reflected in the design of fuelling Stationss. Rather than outstations chiefly serving the auto ( normally with an associated workshop ) , extremist metropoliss attempt to supply ace efficient points of repose functioning commuters. In an effort to germinate the design of main road Stationss, with the altering psychological science of travel, fuell ing companies have responded by maximizing efficiency of service and agreeableness in an attempt to supply a ‘calming’ environment in which to pass money. The workshops, dirt and oil have disappeared, clean and healthful lavatories, shadowing workss and lawn purpose to make oases along ‘inhospitable’ terrain. I will mention to this type as extremist metropolis, since this term speaks of the. as yet. unfulfilled possible it holds. Ultra Cities This type has held my attending, since it depends strongly on the high flows along another planetary phenomenon – the expressway, Autobahn, main road – strips of practical urbanism cutting through rural and urban landscape. In the South African context the main road has diverted flows from the high streets of towns and little metropoliss. The concern and informal endeavor reacting in portion to the visitants and commuters go throughing through have lost their backing, which is now catered for by ‘ultra cities’ competing for attending along the main road. Having none of the dynamic and character of the high street, this type performs as an unnaturally deep-rooted mini-urbanity. In rural countries the most up to day of the month consumer points in a 200km radius are offered. The extremist metropolis ‘s purely regulated transiency, nevertheless has prevented it from going a node around which local endeavor could turn and profit in a meaningful manner. Owing to the extremely competitory nature of the fuel industry, certain interesting developments have taken topographic point, puting bare a scope of potencies to be explored.thestandardizationof a peculiar imageuninterrupted alterationof extra programme in the face of high fightthe flawlessnessof a certain scientifically-based layout to guarantee smooth traffic handling and gross revenuesextra comfortsssuch as eating houses, telephones, local home-made nutrient industry and jumping palaceslocal industryand markets are incorporated in certain instances‘Sky decks ‘ , suspe nded eating houses, etc have been developed to understate doubling of plan and instill involvement in usersdifferent nutrient franchisesand local concern cater for a diverse patronage ( tourers, locals, taxis )Contemporary developments include more programmatic options, making a wider scope of commercial maps for the commuter to prosecute with, every bit good as limited chances of single local endeavor. Transience is foisted on the commuter through a disregard in topographic point devising. This transiency, in portion is enforced by ordinances, but besides through the high turnover demands in pumping fuel. Any topographic point doing attempt or extra plan can be understood as devices helping higher fuel gross revenues. This position is held by fuel houses, since it is their concern to sell fuel merely. Thus the extremist metropolis has deserved as small enthusiasm as modern-day travel. A realization is clicking: better agreeableness and wider programmatic pick ( in the signifier of franchises ) , finally benefit fuel gross revenues in the face of highcompetition. It is besides for this ground that a site along the N1 on the border of Bloemfontein has been chosen, where several fuelling Stationss already thrive on high commuter flows. This scenario puts force per unit area on the premiss to introduce the extremist metropolis type. The potency of the extremist metropolis as deep-rootedextremely accessible mini urbanitycan now be realised. In a sense a limited country or instead one point along the main road becomes acongested prosaic urbancircuit ( accessed by auto ) ; an alternate development to the congestion of the old high street. In a periphery status of a metropolis, an break along a limited entree main road becomes an interesting point, where thepotencies of fringe, main road, and high commuter flowsbecomeconcentratedIn Bloemfontein ‘s instance, a civic, political and cultural aspiration demands to be taken into full history, since this edifice will necessarily in its remarkable being as urban grounds along the N1 go an icon to the metropolis of Bloemfontein. Hybrid energy It has become accepted, that most extremist metropoliss cater in a bland mode for conventional in-between category commuters caught up in vacation, concern or day-to-day rites in which travel is a necessary load. Peoples are prepared to halt at the locale affording most convenience in fuelling, utilizing ablutions, eating fast nutrient and drawing out once more, – a short break on their journeys Can a new exhilaration be created where people choose to linger for a piece, take notice of a landscape, engage with a programme non strictly commercial, but one which allows for rest of head and organic structure before go forthing refreshed and stimulated, non irritated? Could such a topographic point be really successful commercially every bit good, and pull a wider scope of people for different grounds? A certain extremist metropolis near Harrysmith is frequented by locals. It offers an environment set in a beautiful landscape and assorted shopping, good feeding and relaxation installations. Some South Africans take their nuptials exposure in forepart of extremist metropoliss, since, in certain countries, they sport the lone piece of accessible landscaped garden as puting A new fuelling station in Midrand proposes a diner over the main road as a meeting point for executives. These observations point to place-making potency achieved through the programmatic enlargement of fuelling sites and an integrating with landscape and recognition of a wider context. This attack no uncertainty begs for an all inclusive, long term vision, which fuel pools seem to be tenuously developing towards in coaction with assorted local endeavors and national franchises. In planetary bad tendencies – programmatic barrage is employed to make concentrated, diverse enclaves in which the different maps are reciprocally prolonging to bring forth big user attending. Interesting bad undertakings like the one in Kempton Park, where amega-casinoandhotel composite includes the proviso ofacultural installation– atheaterandmuseum.( This vision was put frontward by Caesar ‘s Palace fromLas Vegas,whohave theresources to colonize the site. ) Performance The extremist metropolis has everything to make with public presentation. It has to show a extremely seeable option in fast moving traffic. Large flows of commuters need to be handled expeditiously and swimmingly. Commuters need to be safely guided on and off, through and out The main road needs to stay efficient in its limited entree. Today thepublic presentationof architecture has become more of import than itssignifier. Efficiency in managing big flows of traffic or users, entree, services, etc. , are standards, which dominate architecture of a certain graduated table Theensuing signifieris so frequently dad in a peculiar manner ( e.g. in historical attire ) , in entire antithesis to its contents. Alternatively the scientific factors of design frequently become aesthetic generators in their ain right, paying court to our machine and information age. What is frequently forgotten is human experience, which is thought plenty to be reduced to the answering of a set of NEUFERTS informations. The most powerful potency of architecture, to my head, is the power it has in suggesting future ways of life in our universe. Informed by the present position quo, New programmatic combinations can be set up enabling assorted maps and different users be brought together in new life, working, recreational and learning dealingss. Since we, and everything around us are invariably germinating, so should we as interior decorators in order to non simply reply to complex modern-day demands In our undertakings we can integrate an apprehension of a jutting hereafter world. In this manner we become proactive alternatively of reactive in playing out the portion we have in determining our environment. The auto Today autos are designed as swimmingly moulded capsules enveloping their users, protecting them on the inhospitable terrain of high ] speed travel. In the same sense a edifice following to or over the main road shelters its users from noise and danger while reacting to the captivation of watching ‘the universe shoot by* . The edifice performs on a figure of other degrees ; opening up to protected landscapes, reacting to climate, positions, spread outing and undertaking to let for assorted events, etc This premiss aids in building a edifice which performs a fraudulence of maps, triggers associations, creates awareness – here architecture’s public presentation transcends that of the auto in making antiphonal topographic points. Its building reflects these potencies in the same mode as does that of the auto, but besides reacts to its context with which it ties in and at the same clip separates itself from. Procedure Since covering with a national, even planetary phenomenon, it became evident, that this type can ‘land’ anyplace, where high traffic flows warrant it The higher these flows the more extremist inventions are justified, in order to vie with the, necessarily, already bing Stationss or possible future rivals These scenarios proved intriguing to me and pointed in the way of a future vision of the type and an probe into the nature of the main road. I decided to ship on a figure of geographic expeditions of different possible context for the extremist metropolis type. I anticipated, that these exercisings would inform each other and assist me happen a specific site and develop a brief

Hardware Store Case Analysis Essay

A. Do you agree with Fred’s decision to conduct the training and use the third vendor? Using concepts from the chapter, explain your answer. When it comes to Fred’s decision making in reference to using a third party vendor for training purposes, I believe that Fred made the best decision possible. Now, Fred based his decision purely on the fact that it embodies a quotation contained customized meetings in adjacent to the sales force for better understanding of the training course, along with being economical. In addition, customized meetings are essential because it allows the sales force team to be able to ask any questions they might feel needs to be addressed. On the other hand, this kind of training allows the sales team to make better decisions based on the new training material provided, so conducting classes on a smaller (size) scale will foster a better learning environment and faster hands on approach on the job site. In accordance, training that provide reenactments of past experiences or future awareness training for client handling enables the trainees to get a full picture of any problems that might arise customer service wise. B. What else might Fred do before choosing a training package? Use information provided in Chapters 2, 3, and 4 to describe your approach. Make sure to provide enough detail to dem- onstrate your understanding of the key issues and approaches to determining how to proceed once a triggering event  has occurred. Another thing that Fred might do before choosing a training package is requesting for referrals from the company to support him in selecting the specific organization or look elsewhere. Fred’s decision-making involves time and money being spent. Therefore, in order for Fred to want to make this kind of investment, Fred should first contact the organizations already practicing this type of training program in order to gain their insight and if they were successful based on real life experiences. In conjunction, Fred needs to make sure that whatever organization he decides to hire to train all his employees, Fred must make sure that the other organizations objectives align with his company’s training objectives. Moving forward, the key to finding a great training partner is by identifying the training strategy through requirements theory for motivating the trainees. Fred, can use the requirement theory by allowing the training organizations to ask the prime questions, whi ch is what does Fred expect his employees to learn in the training? thus identifying the final objective of Fred. Furthermore, if the organization conducting the training meets Fred’s requirements, then they can measure his mission and encourage his employees to efficiently train in accordance to motivating them as well. Once, Fred carries out his plan on finding the best external training organization, the external organization would be more receptive to using good reinforcement for their training & development techniques. The trainees can then get accustomed to being rewarded with a positive reinforcement when they do something right. Therefore, Fred needs to adapt his organization to meet the training & development-learning environment once the training organization is done with their training contract. Fred needs to make any adjustments to his training in an effort to run his business as planned. In order for Fred to experience a successful training, Fred needs to focus on the primary objective, which is making sure his employees are retaining the training material, as well as influencing them in a positive manner. However, Fred needs to request a small demonstration of the entire procedure, because it will help Fred know first-hand if the training organization material is connecting with his employees, and identify if the training material is appropriate with Fred’s objectives. C. If training went ahead as indicated, how successful do you think it would be? Explain your answer using concepts from this chapter. In addition, if training went ahead as indicated, it would be prosperous giving the fact that the program will enable the employees to partake in personalizing their own training. Therefore, Fred needs to double check that the training organization are using methods that meet his organizations objectives in order for the training to be categorized as being efficient. In the beginning, if the training organizations trainers are aware and fully understand the final objective, the training will be effective. Another thing to note is that Fred needs to reaffirm that the training organization is currently offering the specific training required by Fred, and that they are using the right training methods, right motivators and are utilizing reinforcements according to Fred’s expectations. Thus, if Fred checks off his checklist, then there is no reason why his organization should not be effective on accomplishing his objective. After training, the employees will be better prepared at their jobs, and can be more efficient on training other workers, thus benefiting the organization. This training process will also make sure that their customer service is being handled on a timely manner, and with the upmost service. Therefore, ultimately this would benefit both the training organization and Fred’s organization because Fred was able to find the best training organization, which in turn makes his training run effectively.

The Discrimination Against Women Employees in the Telecommunication Industry

The Discrimination Against Women Employees in the Telecommunication Industry Aims of the Dissertation This dissertation will aim at investigating how women are impacted negatively as a result of employment discrimination in the telecommunication industry in Europe and Middle East. Discrimination in this sense means that there are fewer women than men working in the telecommunication industry in Europe and Middle East.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Discrimination Against Women Employees in the Telecommunication Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In investigating this matter, the dissertation will answer the question of whether the discrimination against women employees in the telecommunication industry is justified or unjustified. The dissertation will examine whether discrimination against women working in the industry has a negative impact on them. This research will endeavor to answer the following research questions: Why do telecommunication businesses discriminate again st women employees in Europe and Middle East? What mechanisms should be put in place to increase the ratio of women to men working in the telecommunication industry in Europe and Middle East? Methodology The data to be collected in this research is first hand information from women working in the telecommunication industry. The women will give their views and experiences regarding employee discrimination against women in the industry. In collecting the data, the research will consider reviewing secondary sources of information such as government studies. This will provide the researcher with information about any research that has been done by the government in an attempt to get information regarding the telecommunication industry. The kind of research methodology to be used is determined by the nature of the research being conducted. Quantitative research methodology is used when measuring variables or trying to test existing theories and establishing their validity (nsf, n.d). Th e collected data is used to formulate new hypothesis on the basis of new evidence. On the other hand, qualitative research is more applicable in understanding meanings, experiences and beliefs about a particular subject. The methodology that this research will heavily rely on in data collection is qualitative data collection because it is varied and provides information in its entirety as long as it is not statistical or numeric. The first qualitative data collection method to be used is conducting interviews. Since the aim of the research is to investigate the negative impact on women arising from their discrimination in telecommunication in Middle East and Europe, it will be crucial to interview a sample of women working in telecommunication industry. This will give first hand information which is the perspective of the women themselves regarding the subject.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 1 5% OFF Learn More An interview will be an effective methodology of collecting information since it first establishes a close relationship between the interviewer and the interviewees. Through interviews, it will also be easy to make follow up when looking for finer details of any interesting piece of information. Sampling is the random picking of a group of people to provide information on a particular subject. The countries from which the samples will be taken include Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Egypt, and Lebanon. The sample will include wide range of women including employees of operators, vendors and intermediaries. The technique to be used in the research to identify the sample is picking women who have worked in the industry for at least two years. Interview is an effective way of answering the research questions because definitely, from the interviews reasons of why employers discriminate against women in the industry will be given. Through the interviews, women wil l also be capable of suggesting ways through which they feel that their ratio in the industry can be increased. There are two types of interviews to be used. The first type of interview is a structured interview where a questionnaire is given out to the respondents to fill out the information .The other type of an interview is referred to as in-depth interview which does not involve any rigid questions to be answered. The study will use the structured questionnaire to get answers for some specific questions in order to get uniform results from several respondents. In-depth guided interviews on the other hand will give the respondents a chance to answer questions freely and hold discussions. For the sake of collecting ample information, the research will conduct individual interviews several times. The choice of qualitative data collection as the methodology to be used is backed by the fact that qualitative research has the capacity of providing detailed information regarding the way a group of people experiences an issue that is being researched. This type of methodology presents the human part of an issue such as the beliefs, opinions or even the expectations of different people.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Discrimination Against Women Employees in the Telecommunication Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The methodology fits in well with the aim of the research of identifying the negative impacts on women of denying them a chance to lead in the telecommunication industry. Women’s being denied leadership opportunities in the telecommunication industry is a sensitive issue that would require closeness in trying to understand the negative side of the matter to them. Such closeness with the respondents in collecting information can only be achieved by using qualitative methods such interviews. Observation at times will also be applicable because in discussing with the w omen, it will also be possible to observe their reactions and emotions. Data analysis is a crucial part towards completion of a study. In this research, data analysis will involve carefully looking at the results from the interviews conducted. From the data provided by the interviewees, the researcher will try to identify the reasons behind discrimination against women employees in telecommunication industry. The analysis will involve identifying some of the ways suggested by interviewees of eliminating the discrimination. In the analysis, the practicality of the research outcomes in solving the real problems in the field will also be evaluated. It is common for research undertakings to present challenges and this research is no exception. The first challenge that might surface is that some of the interviewees may be biased and provide information which is not reliable. This may be as a result of personal dispositions or general unwillingness among some interviewees to participate i n the interviews. Another challenge is the financial cost of the research. Although the initial budget has been factored, additional cost may spring up while the research is in progress and this will be a challenge for the researcher Feasibility A successful and comprehensive dissertation requires the researcher to be determined and committed (White, 2004). There are some resources such as books and funding for travel among others that a researcher should ensure are in place before the actual data collection begins. This necessitates a feasibility study to determine whether all the necessary resources for the research are available (White, 2003).Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The research will use both primary and secondary sources of information. Secondary sources will include books, journals and internet sources while primary data is new information that will be collected from the field. The required resources such as academic texts are available in the online library and other public libraries I have identified. In addition, a trial with a subset of the prospective interviewees has already been conducted and their response is positive towards facilitating the research. The researchers’ employer is understanding and has granted full permission for the research to be conducted. The employer has permitted the researcher to interview the samples during specific working hours. He has also allowed the samples to talk to the researcher during some agreed hours. Travel outside the country is also anticipated hence the travelling cost and permission have been sought. How the Research Fits Existing Published Work Different researchers have conducted vari ous studies focusing on women in the telecommunication industry and how they are either discriminated in some various countries. For example, in 1995, the South African government enacted a policy aimed at providing access to information to all South Africans. According to Schreiner (2011), Bamshela which is a rural town in South Africa is selected to receive the services of a telecenter. It is one of the most underdeveloped regions in South Africa where infrastructure and communication facilities are hard to get. This study is important to the current study because by looking at a case in Africa, this can be used as an example in understanding employment discrimination against women in telecommunications in Europe and Middle East. Women in Bamshela are unfortunate and spend most of their lives in subsistence farming with only a few of them securing positions in the telecommunication industry. Schreiner discovers that there is employment discrimination against women at the telecente r. The study further analyzes the effects of discriminating against women as employees in telecommunication industry (Schreiner, 2011). From Schreiner’s study it was evident that women employed at the telecenter were not less productive than men. This research was conducted using surveys in these regions to collect the information. Secondly, women are discriminated against in telecommunication industry on the basis of race and gender (Robinson Peoples, 1996). Men are given privileges while discriminating against women by denying them a similar chance to work in the industry. Robinson and Peoples (1996) revealed this in their study leading to actions being taken to rectify the disparity. Eventually, the players in the industry started according women positions within the industry. The findings of this research are important in this research because they will give a chance to make comparison. Apart from Europe and Middle East, women discrimination in telecommunication is preva lent in other parts of the world. This will make it easy to approach the case of Middle East and Europe from an informed point of view from the studies in Africa and elsewhere. According to Gordon (1976), there are positive implications of giving women a chance to work in the telecommunication industry. There are numerous challenges that employed people have to contend with to get to their places of work. At times there are transportation problems hence the employees have to plan their time wisely. The challenge becomes more pronounced for women who have to manage their families and their work. Women who have young children encounter problems because the children require their attention. This study is relevant in this research as it highlights how some of these problems can be solved through telecommunication. Women should be given a chance to work in the telecommunication industry since consideration for them to work from home is a possibility. Unless this happens women will contin ue to be less productive (Gordon, 1976). Reasons for Choice of This Topic The first and most important thing that should be done before a researcher decides to research on a dissertation is to identify the topic (ESC, n.d). The principal reason behind the choice of this topic is my interest in it. Apart from the obvious reasons of doing research to earn academic credentials, conducting research on a particular topic is important in making changes to various sectors (Michael, 2011). The choice of the topic of this research is informed by the fact that there has been discrimination against women in the telecommunication industry in Europe and the Middle East. The research conducted during this dissertation will be important to my firm as it can be used to come up with strategies of increasing the ratio of women to men employed in the telecommunication industry. Insights from the research may inspire other firms to take initiatives that will ensure that women secure more employment pos itions in telecommunication industry as it is one of the fastest growing sectors in Europe and Middle East. Milestone Description Due date Remarks 1 Stage 1: Area of interest identified August 03,2011 Completed 2 Stage 2: Specific topic selected August 10,2011 Completed 3 Stage 3: Topic refined to develop dissertation proposal August 17,2011 Completed 4 Stage 4: Proposal written and submitted Sep 14 2011 Completed 5 Stage 5: Collection of data and information October 31 2011 6 Stage 6: Analysis and interpretation of collected data/information Nov 30 2011 7 Stage 7: Writing up Jan 31 2012 8 Stage 8: Final draft prepared – submission of dissertation Feb 15 2011 9 Final Deadline – nine months from classroom date. References Delmon. (n.d). Telecommunication. Web. ESC. (n.d). Developing a Research Question. Web. Michael, D. (2011). Qualitative Research in Information Systems. Web. Sweetman, C. (2000). Gender and technology. New York: Gender and technology. White, B. (2003). Dissertation Skills for Business and Management Students. London: Cengage Learning. White, B. (2002). Writing your MBA Dissertation.london: Cengage Learning. Gordon, F. (1976). Telecommunications:Implications for Women. Original Research , 68-74. Robinson, R., Peoples, J. (1996). Market Structure, Racial and Gender Discrimination. American Journal of Econoics and Sociology , 309-325. Schreiner, H. (2011). Rural Women, Development and Telecommunications: A pilot Programme in South Africa. Web. nsf. (n.d). Overview of Qualitative Methods. Web. Patton, M. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. New York: Sage.

Henry T. Sampsons Patents Power Rockets and Satellites

Henry T. Sampson's Patents Power Rockets and Satellites Its all rocket science for black American inventor Henry T. Sampson Jr., a brilliant and accomplished nuclear engineer and aerospace engineering pioneer. He co-invented the gamma-electrical cell, which directly converts nuclear energy into electricity and helps power satellites and space exploration missions. He also holds patents on solid rocket motors. Education Henry Sampson was born in Jackson, Mississippi. He attended Morehouse College and then transferred to Purdue University, where he received a Bachelor of Science degree in 1956. He graduated with an MS degree in engineering from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1961. Sampson continued his post-graduate education at the  University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign  and received his MS in Nuclear Engineering in 1965. When he received his Ph.D. at that university in 1967, he was the first black American to receive one in Nuclear Engineering in the United States. Navy and Professional Career Sampson was employed as a research chemical engineer at the U.S. Naval Weapons Center at  China Lake in California. He specialized in the area of high energy solid propellants and case bonding materials for solid rocket motors. He has said in interviews that this was one of the few places that would hire a black engineer at that time. Sampson also served as the Director of Mission Development and Operations of the Space Test Program at the Aerospace Corporation in El Segundo, California. The gamma-electrical cell he co-invented with George H. Miley directly converts high-energy gamma rays into electricity, providing a long-lasting power source for satellites and long-range space exploration missions. He won the 2012 Entrepreneur of the Year Award from the  Friends of Engineering, Computer Science and Technology, California State University Los Angeles. In  2009, he received the Outstanding Chemical Engineer Award from Purdue University. As an interesting side note, Henry Sampson is also a writer and film historian who wrote a book entitled, Blacks in Black and White: A SourceBook on Black Films. Patents Here is the patent abstract for US patent #3,591,860 for a Gamma-Electrical Cell issued to Henry Thomas Sampson and George H Miley on 7/6/1971. This patent can be viewed in its entirety online or in person at the United States Patent and Trademark Office. A patent abstract is written by the inventor to briefly describe what his or her invention is and what it does. Abstract: The present invention relates to a gamma-electric cell  for producing a high-output  voltage from a source of radiation wherein the gamma-electric cell includes a central collector constructed of a dense metal with the central  collector encapsulated within an outer layer of dielectric material. A further conductive layer is then disposed on or within the dielectric material so as to provide  for a high voltage output between the conductive layer and the central collector upon the reception of radiation by the gamma-electric cell. The invention also includes the use of a plurality of collectors radiating from the central collector throughout the dielectric material so as to increase the collection area and thereby increase the current and/or output voltage. Henry Sampson also received patents for a binder system for propellants and explosives and a case bonding system for cast composite propellants. Both inventions are related to solid rocket motors. He used high-speed photography to study the internal ballistics of solid rocket motors.

Micro Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Micro - Essay Example Since the company’s inception into business in 1982, it has grown massively through collaborating, internal development, and strategic acquisition with industry leaders. Throughout this growth, the company has expanded its technological expertise alongside greater understanding of their customer needs. In supporting its employees, the organization rewards and supports them through a program, â€Å"Total Reward†. In the program, there are comprehensive benefits, world-class training programs, recognition programs, international career opportunities, and employee health and wellness initiatives. On an ethical basis, it was wrong for Edmondson to have taken such steps as lying about his qualifications. It was unprofessional of him as a leader to be caught committing such acts as driving while intoxicated. The company to clear its name it should have made Edmondson apologize to the public after his apology to the board before his resignation. The situation affected the corporation investors, board of directors and top executives. There concerns for the board of directors and top executives were concerned whether the questions they were holding out about former CEO Edmondson would be one day answered to their gratification. On the other hand, the investors were concerned with why after Edmondson appointment as CEO the company struggled with lagging stock price and flat sales. The investors’ concerns were affecting the board of directors on their credibility in being able to assess the employees properly before carrying out promotions. The board’s decision was â€Å"tough† this because Edmondson had worked for the company over ten years and had created a good reputation towards all the company stakeholders prior to the newspaper story. Mr. Roberts described this situation as such because he believed that he had made the right choice in selecting, grooming, and mentoring Edmondson as his successor only for such a story to destroy all that

Non traditional health care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Non traditional health care - Essay Example Therefore, there is no uniform approach towards non-traditional healthcare as each form envisages a different set of applications in the course of treatment. This explains why some forms of non-traditional healthcare are acceptable in some places and not others. Non-traditional methods are also based on different knowledge and belief systems that guide the processes of treatment. These belief and knowledge systems may connote the causes of disease and how to tackle treatment. Essentially, several non-traditional healthcare processes are used in different parts of the world; examples of these forms are acupuncture, folk remedies, and naturopathic medicine among others. I live in a community of Native Americans, Asian and Dutch; there are a few acupuncture and naturopathic clinics in my area. The document provides the findings of a research on the availability of non-traditional healthcare in my area of residence. The findings will be centered on the prevalence of non-traditional healt hcare forms namely, acupuncture and naturopathic clinics in my community. Naturopathic clinics in my area use natural interventions to restore health. Naturopathic medicine involves the applications based on nature to replenish the health of people. As a result, majority of the naturopathic clinics in this area are based on the natural operations that are applied in a diversity of ways to restore health. On a broad plane, naturopathic medicine and care as offered in these clinics involve treatment, prevention along with optimal health. Naturopathic medicine, therefore, offers a wide array of health services that are all centered on guaranteeing the health of individuals. Naturopathic treatment is a distinct health care practice that focuses on treatment, optimal wellness and prevention, treatment via the application of therapeutic methods and substances which encourage individual healing processes (Hechtman, 2012). Broadly though, naturopathic

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Case stduy of Campus response to a student gunman. by Kelly J. Asmussen , John W. Creswell - Essay Example The credibility of the study is highly supported by its research method: the qualitative case analysis; a relevant incident ‘in the campus of a public university, cited in a Midwestern City’ (case study, 338) is analytically presented and explained aiming to highlight the various aspects of student gun violence but also to provide information regarding the measures that are most appropriate for the limitation of the phenomenon – as these measures have been applied on the University involved in the specific case study. The examination of the article’s sections – in terms of structure, content and language used – has led to the assumption that the particular study can be quite valuable for legislators, educators and community leaders – helping them to understand the emergent character of the problem and propose appropriate plans of action. However, the conclusion section of the paper has been rather discouraging regarding the above perspe ctive – emphasizing on the lack of interest by the educational and local authorities in regard to the prevention of such incidents. However, even under these terms, the existence of studies like the one under evaluation proves that the expansion of violence in educational units across USA has attracted the attention of the academia. As for the level at which the authors of this study have contributed to the achievement of the above target, this can be identified by referring to the characteristics and the content of their study and by evaluating its credibility – taking into consideration the relevant rules of academic research. Evaluation of the article The study of Asmussen and Creswell highlights a quite important problem: the increase of violence in university campuses across USA; reference is made specifically to the student gun violence. The particular study can be characterized as quite valuable, mostly because it deals with a problem, which is avoided by most a cademic researchers – an issue also notified in the study under examination. The importance of the study – meaning especially its contribution in the particular field – can be identified and understood by referring to its content but also to its structure; the theme chosen should be also evaluated – compared to other, most common, themes of academic research. On the other hand, the research methodology employed should be evaluated, as of its appropriateness taking into consideration the fact that the literature in regard to the issue under discussion – and the research methods which are most appropriate for such studies – is quite limited, a problem also highlighted by the authors. The development of the above tasks would allow the evaluation of the following facts: a) whether the study has been appropriately structured, b) whether the research methods chosen were the most appropriate, c) which were the most critical challenges that the auth ors had to face and d) whether the authors managed or not to achieve their aims – as these aims are included in the research questions on which the study under

The Origins Of Theatre And Playwrights English Literature Essay

The Origins Of Theatre And Playwrights English Literature Essay This essay aims to discuss the effectiveness of political theatre in causing social change, looking specifically at the practice of the contemporary political playwright Augusto Boal including the influence of social theorist Karl Marx on Boals work and how Marxism affected Boals style of theatre. This essay will begin by looking at the origins of theatre and how it has been used since then as a medium of promoting political thought. However, in order to understand political theatre we must first be able to understand what is mean by politics, the Oxford Reference Dictionary (1991:647) describes something political as affecting the State or its Government; of public affairs. From this definition we are able to deduce that political theatre is theatre that is produced in order to affect or influence the community and those in power with regard to public affairs. This type of theatre has been used and enjoyed since the very beginning of theatre as we know it today, which began in Ancie nt Greece in the celebration of the festival of Dionysos, the God of ecstasy. The festival included prayer and procession as well as singing and dancing, there may also have been groups of performers who would answer each other through the medium of song or dance. It is believed that it was Thespis who stood out and performed first without the chorus, and thus creating what we understand to be a protagonist. (GREEK THEATRE 1) Competitions then began to take place during the festivals in which playwrights would enter their plays to be performed, either a tragedy, or a comedy and satyr play. The Greek playwrights would present the audience with ideas to think about and reflect over; during the plays a Parabasis, or stepping aside would take place, this was an opportunity for the playwright to comment upon the state of city affairs or anything else that he so wished. Aristophanes thought that, the dramatist should not only offer pleasure but should, besides that, be a teacher of morali ty and a political advisor.(in Boal 2008:xiii) In his plays, Aristophanes would satirise the most important people of the day, in between the scenes the chorus would perform short, satirical pieces of song and dance always attacking well known individuals by name, for example he ridiculed the demagogue Kleon in his play Babylonians. However, a plays success depended on the funding from the wealthy aristocracy ay the time, the choragus therefore the plays produced may be seen to reflect the view of the choregus rather than that of the playwright, because without them a play would not have the funding to be performed. Greek society was much controlled by the economic minority, the Bourgeoisie, but nothing was done to change this. This state of affairs in Ancient Greece is very similar to the social situation that Karl Marx was fighting against when he introduced his communist manifesto; the alternative to capitalism. Marx believed that human beings have been conditioned throughout his tory to behave a certain way by economic institutions and that in order for an equal society without a social hierarchy then the proletariat must seize power from the bourgeoisie through a social revolution and place everything in collective ownership. In his book Theatre of the Oppressed Augusto Boal writes how Marx believed that art is a key way of offering knowledge, but this knowledge is conveyed from the perspective of the artist, social surroundings or whoever provides sponsorship or payment. Mainly, it is the part of society that maintains economic power that holds control over any means of communication. Bordwell and Thompson (in Woodson, no date) back this up: Each art form is controlled, not by the artists, but by larger social institutions. In a capitalist society, an artist may believe he or she is using the art form for personal expression, but he or she is actually producing merchandise of a kind acceptable to the society. It is only from the arrival of Karl Marx and his theories on socialism that playwrights and practitioners have begun to use theatre as a means for change. Bertolt Brecht was greatly influenced by the Marxist theory because he too wanted to create change, the major goal of the historical avant-garde was to challenge the institution of bourgeois art (Kistenberg 1995:29); Pescator described Brechts work as a Marxist-based analysis of social relations. Brecht agreed with Marx that it was the capitalists that created the bourgeois society, and that drama can be used as a medium of didacticism. It was from this belief that Brecht adopted Piscators form of avant-garde theatre known as epic theatre. Epic theatre has many parallels with Cartesian tradition in which people are encouraged into rational thought; it underlines the socio-political content of drama rather than trying to manipulate the emotions of the audience. Brecht stated that there must be a transformation of psychological confl ict into historic condition (in Basuki no date) in theatre in order to release the self and to create rational thought. This Cartesian belief is needed so that neither the audience nor the actor tries to empathise with the action and characters on stage and are able to view the action with a critical mind. In order to do this Brecht proposed that theatre needed to give to the audience a process of alienation because alienation is necessary to all understanding (Brecht in Basuki no date) so that they are able to form an opinion unfettered by empathy. The term Brecht used to describe this distancing of the audience is Verfremdungseffekt, which when translated, means alienation. In a description about epic theatre Brecht gives an explanation about the difference between a spectator watching dramatic theatre and one watching epic theatre: The dramatic theatres spectator says: Yes, I have felt like that too-Just like me-Its only natural-Itll never change-The suffering of this man appals me, because they are inescapable-Thats great art; it all seems the most obvious thing in the world-I weep when they weep, I laugh when they laugh. The epic theatres spectator says: Id never have thought it-thats not the way-Thats extraordinary, hardly believable-Its got to stop-The sufferings of this man appal me, because they are unnecessary-Thats great art: nothing obvious in it-I laugh when they weep, I weep when they laugh (Brecht in Basuki no date) This quote from Brecht shows us how he intended epic theatre to work and its popularity among playwrights and directors is a great example of how successful epic theatre is as a form of didacticism. However, in Brechts plays the separation between the stage and the audience is still present. The spectator is persuaded to think the thoughts and opinions that presented to them through the action on stage because it is the playwrights who condemns the characters or the events that have taken place; the audiences thoughts are merely pointed in the right direction by the dramatist (OPPRESSED xx) Augusto Boal, though highly influenced by the likes of Marx and Brecht took the format of epic theatre to a new level. He found ways of combining Marxist theory with new ways of writing and analysis. He believed that in order to liberate the audience from the constraints of stage and spectator, they themselves must be part of what is happening on stage To transform is to be transformed.(Boal 2008: xxi) and thus becoming spect-actors. From this belief Boal created the Theatre of the Oppressed in which the audience are asked to intercede, and suggest the next course of action for the actors to perform or actually perform themselves, whilst the actors assist and persuade the audience to take the role of a spect-actor. For example, in forum theatre, the actors perform a short play with which ends with unresolved oppression and then it is performed again but this time the spect-actor is able to become involved and suggest ways to fix the oppression. Boal saw the spectators invasion of the stage as a symbolic moment in their transformation, This invasion is a symbolic trespass. It symbolises all the acts of trespass we have to commit in order to free ourselves from what oppresses us. (Boal 2008:xxi) By doing this the spect-actor is made aware of what he needs to do in order to change the situation in his real social setting, and by breaking down the wall between spectator and acto r, Boal also breaks the wall between the oppressor and the oppressed. (BOAL ESSAY) English Theatre company Cardboard citizens is one of the leading producers of Forum Theatre in the UK, this company is made up of homeless people or those at risk of becoming homeless. Cardboard Citizens tour the UK, performing for other Homeless people, and as it states on their website, aiming to problem-solve together. (CARDBOARD WEBSITE) Although this is an excellent way of trying to create social change, it may be the case that the company perform to an audience who are already aware of the situation being presented to them, and are therefore preaching to the converted. In The Transparent Closet: Gay Theatre for Straight Audiences, Richard Hall (in Kistenberg 1995:76) suggests: Theatre is inefficient as an instrument for social change. It either speaks to those already in support of its views, or to those who are so secure in their power that they dont mind hearing themselves abused, as long as the abuse is entertaining. Although theatre is an excellent form of communication, it is unable to access the parts of society in which people do not watch theatre that is seen to be anything other than mainstream entertainment i.e. Musicals etc. This then stops the theatre from being its most effective. As well as this, political theatre may become an outlet for people to confirm their opinions, for example, David Hares play Stuff Happens was written as a reaction to the Iraq War, somebody who has negative beliefs about this event may watch the play just so their opinions are confirmed. This again may stop the theatre from being at its most effective. Although Cardboard Citizens use of forum theatre has helped many homeless peoples situations and is working to gain understanding of the struggles homeless people encounter, Elizabeth Burns states that the audience view themselves as part of a performance rather than performance as part of their lives (in Kistenberg 1995:32) She believes that the audience are me rely props for the actors and that because they are in a state of being neither fully part of the performance nor full separate then it isnt much different from their usual role as spectator. If this is the case then the spectators of Cardboard Citizens performances, even if they were able to present their theatre to a much wider and varied kind of audience, would not be much changed by what they have seen. Boals next step in creating social change could be seen to have a great impact on society, he generated a form of theatre named Legislative Theatre in which theatre is used to create an active and practical change in society. Boal ran for election and was voted in to be one of 42 vereadores  of Rio, (BOAL ESSAY) he used his new political position to create Legislative Theatre. In this type of theatre Boal attempted To use theatre within a political system to create a truer from of democracy (Boal 2008:i) This type of theatre uses all the techniques of the theatre of the oppressed in order to create new laws, Boal would take his theatre to the streets of Rio and asked the people what they thought of certain issues then proposed his findings to the council chamber. In this way he was able to put forward laws to be passed that had a significant impact on the people of Rio, for example, one law that was passed was one which protected the witnesses of crimes. (LEGISLATIVE THEATRE 104). Theatre is not just about entertaining the masses; it provides a means in which to get a message across. Although all of theatre could be said to be political in a broader sense, it is political theatre that has been established as designing a theatre that is left wing and that expresses the need for radical change. Political theatre has thrived under oppressive governments as a means of communicating political opinions; however this has not always been the case. In spite of how seemingly political Greek theatre appears the censorship of the plays provides evidence towards the fact that it was not and it did little to challenge and change the social hierarchy of the time because it was controlled by the people in power. Greek theatre started by being interactive and an open form of communication; however the right to speak was taken away when the citizens were split into chorus and audience. It is seemingly ironic then that it was someone speaking out of turn that first created this form of theatre but by being made to be the audience the rest were stifled. Looking back at how political theatre has developed over the years it is clear of the relevance of each individual practitioner at the respective times in which they were writing, for example, in the years of extreme censorship by the Bourgeoisie when Brecht was writing he was one of the first practitioners to use theatre to make people aware of their situation therefore enlightening them because it was the first time they had been shown the truth. However now, in the 21st Century when people are able to access, via the means of the internet for example, all types of imformation without censorship they are given the opportunity through practices such as Boals to actively change society. Boals Legislative Theatre encapsulates the aim of political theatre. As Brecht used Epic theatre in order to create social change, Boal took his format and physically created change through the placement of new laws. This is ultimately the aim of political theatre, to release the oppressed from the op pressor. Conclusion. Zortman (2) says that The avant-garde artists were denounced as breeders of the proletarian world revolution Quotes 356 / 1403words.